Munich Olympic Stadium / Frei Otto & Gunther Behnisch
يكشنبه, ۲۲ اسفند ۱۳۸۹، ۱۲:۰۰ ق.ظ
این استادیوم معروف مونیخ یکی از نقاط عطف هنر مدرن و شاید حتی دنیای مدرن به حساب میاد!
جنگ جهانی تموم شده و آلمان نیاز داره خودش رو بازسازی شخصیتی کنه، پس میاد و المپیک رو میزبان می شه!
می نویسن (درست و غلط‌ش با خودشون) که ساخت این استادیوم تو عصر حاضر نشون داد که معماری می تونه با سیاست رابطه فعالی داشته باشه!
از دیتیل‌های اجراییش می گذرم اما فقط بگم که به نظرم مهندس درویش که الان در مپسا داره صنعتی سازی رو تو ایران رواج می‌ده، جزو تیم مشورتی این کار بوده! همون که استادیوم تختی رو معمار بوده!
مونیخ : حوالی 1970 مسیحی
Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons
Often mentioned as a pioneer in lightweight tensile and membrane construction, yet overshadowed in the discipline of architecture, Frei Otto along with Gunther Behnisch collaborated to design the 1972 Munich Olympic Stadium in Munich, Germany. With the Olympics having already been held in Berlin in 1936, Otto and Behnisch took the second Olympics games in Germany as an opportunity and a second chance to show Germany in a new light. Their goal was to design a structure that would emulate the games motto: "The Happy Games" as more of a whimsical architectural response that would overshadow the heavy, authoritarian stadium in Berlin.
More of the 1972 Olympic Stadium in Munich after the break.
Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons
Otto and Behnisch conceptualized a sweeping tensile structure that would flow continuously over the site imitating the draping and rhythmic protrusions of the Swiss Alps. The result is a suspended cloud-like structure that appears to be floating over the site branching in between the natatorium, gymnasium, and the main stadium.
The continuous tensile surface that bridges all of the main buildings of the Olympic Games is subject to a hierarchical structural system that creates a series of volumes across the site. The canopies membrane is suspended from a multitude of vertical masts that allow for the dramatic draping curves of the surface to flow dynamically across the site changing form, scale, and sectional characteristics. The large canopies are stabilized laterally through a network of smaller cables that attach to a larger steel cable extending over the entire span into concrete footings at either end.
Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons
Aside from the buildings that the membrane covers, there is a series of volumes that are covered by the suspended surface that are used as flexible space for stands to be used during the games and at various events.
For such an expansive site, the minimal structural components work to create the dynamic sweeping surfaces that are created by various tensile connections resulting in an undulating mesh. As the system works its way across the artificial landscape toward the main stadium, which was built in a crater from the bombings of WWII, the membrane begins to compress as it fades around the stadium. The dramatic shift in scales of coverage heightens the perception of the floating artificial landscape that forms out of the ground to create large open span volumes only to integrate back into the ground.
Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons
In addition to its "connection" to the landscape, the acrylic glass panels that clad the tensile membrane establish a relationship to its context and the light exposure that it experiences. The acrylic panels shimmer in the sunlight, reflecting the light, the color of the sky, and the surrounding landscape. When illuminated, the suspended membrane appears as a cloud formation swarming over the site.
Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons
Due to Otto's precise calculations the entire structural and membrane system was constructed off site. The high precision allowed for a simple assembly to one of the world's most innovative and complex structural systems that have worked solely on the premise of tension. Even after almost 40 years after its completion, the tensile tent-like structure appears just as it did during the 1972 Olympics, the lines, form, structure, and the architectural awe still remain.
Architect: Frei Otto and Gunther Behnisch
Location: Munich, Germany
Project Year: 1968 -1972
Photographs: Wikimedia Commons
References: ArchInform
Location: Munich, Germany
Project Year: 1968 -1972
Photographs: Wikimedia Commons
References: ArchInform
